Casting refers to the process of pouring solidified material into a specific shape of casting mould at room temperature for solidification and forming. Most of the cast materials are solid but heated to liquid metal (e.g. copper, iron, aluminium, tin, lead, etc.), while the casting materials can be sand, metal or even ceramics. According to different requirements, different methods will be used. The products produced in this way are called castings. Metal mould can cast nodular iron and gray iron.

Advantage:
It can produce parts with complex shape, especially the blank with complex inner cavity (such as heating) 2, which has wide adaptability and can be cast by metal materials commonly used in industry. A few grams to hundreds of tons. 3. Raw materials come from a wide range of sources. The price is low. The shape and size of scrap, scrap and chip 4 castings are very close to the parts, reducing the amount of cutting, which belongs to less or no cutting. Because of the good heat dissipation conditions in the metal mold, the fluidity of the liquid metal must be poor, in addition, the stress is also large, and the thin wall is prone to white mouth. Metal mould can cast nodular iron and gray iron.

Disadvantages:
Mechanical properties are not as good as forgings (coarse structure, many defects, etc.) 2. In sand casting, single piece, small batches, workers'labor intensity is high. 3. Casting quality is unstable, there are many processes, and the influencing factors are complex. It is easy to produce many defects.

Application:
Widely used: agricultural machinery 40-70% machine tools: 70-80% weight castings.